DPYD Genotyping

CPT: 81232
Updated on 09/8/2024
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Synonyms

  • Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase

Expected Turnaround Time

7 - 10 days


Related Documents

For more information, please view the literature below.

Informed Consent for Genetic Testing

Pharmacogenomics Test List

For more information, please view the literature below.

Informed Consent for Genetic Testing

Pharmacogenomics Test List

For more information, please view the literature below.

Informed Consent for Genetic Testing

Pharmacogenomics Test List

For more information, please view the literature below.

Informed Consent for Genetic Testing

Pharmacogenomics Test List

For more information, please view the literature below.

Informed Consent for Genetic Testing

Pharmacogenomics Test List


Specimen Requirements


Specimen

Whole blood or Labcorp buccal swab kit (buccal swab collection kit contains 4 swabs and instructions for use of a buccal swab)


Volume

2 mL whole blood or one buccal swab kit (4 swabs)


Minimum Volume

1 mL whole blood or two buccal swabs


Container

Lavender-top (EDTA) tube or yellow-top (ACD) tube or Labcorp buccal swab kit


Collection

Collect specimen in a lavender-top (EDTA) or yellow-top (ACD) tube, or use a buccal swab kit (4 swabs). Ship whole blood specimen at room temperature or frozen. Ship buccal swab kit at room temperature.


Storage Instructions

Maintain whole blood specimen at room temperature or refrigerated for 28 days or frozen for 2 years. Maintain buccal swabs at room temperature for 2 months.


Stability Requirements

Temperature

Period

Room temperature

Whole Blood: 28 days

Swabs: 2 Months

Refrigerated

Whole Blood: 28 days

Swabs: Unstable

Frozen

Whole Blood: 2 years

Swabs: Unstable


Causes for Rejection

Quantity not sufficient for analysis; improper container; single buccal swab; wet buccal swab; buccal swabs without outer collection envelope; severely damaged buccal swab envelope; buccal swab envelope received open; frozen glass tube

Hemolysis; quantity not sufficient for analysis; improper container; single buccal swab; wet buccal swab; buccal swabs without outer collection envelope; severely damaged buccal swab envelope; buccal swab envelope received open; frozen glass tube

Quantity not sufficient for analysis; improper container; single buccal swab; wet buccal swab; buccal swabs without outer collection envelope; severely damaged buccal swab envelope; buccal swab envelope received open; frozen glass tube


Test Details


Use

The dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase gene (DPYD) produces a drug-metabolizing enzyme, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), which is involved in the metabolism of several clinically important drugs including the fluoropyrimidines 5-fluorouracil and capecitabine, which are frequently used as chemotherapeutic drugs. Individuals with some variant DPYD alleles are at increased risk for side effects from drugs that are metabolized by DPD. DPYD genotype information can be utilized to predict DPD metabolic activity, which can be used as an aid in determining a therapeutic strategy for drugs that are metabolized by DPD. For example, DPD eliminates over 80% of the drug 5-fluoracil. An intermediate or poor metabolizer may be subjected to a buildup of 5-fluoracil, which can be associated with severe toxicity. Substantial evidence supports the use of DPYD genotyping for guiding fluoropyrimidine dosage/use.

Variation in the DPYD gene can result in normal (NM), intermediate (IM) and poor (PM) drug-metabolizing genotypes. In general, relative to the reference sequence (normal function), c.2846A>T (rs67376798), c.1236G>A (in HapB3 with c. 1129-5923C>G, rs56038477) and c.557A>G (rs115232898), variants have decreased function while c.1905+1G>A (previously *2A, rs3918290) and c.1679T>G (previously *13, rs55886062) variants have no function.


Limitations

The exact effect of a particular genotype on individual drugs can vary. In addition to genotype, the metabolism of drugs may be influenced by additional factors that include environmental, dietary and other medications; these factors and others should be considered prior to initialing a new therapy. All results must be interpreted in the context of other test results and clinical findings. Results do not rule out the possibility of other variant alleles in DPYD or other variant alleles in other drug metabolism pathways. Patients should speak with their health care provider about the individual results of this test.

Molecular-based testing is highly accurate, but as in any laboratory test, rare diagnostic errors may occur.

This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by Labcorp. It has not been cleared or approved by the Food and Drug Administration.


Methodology

DNA analysis is performed by allele-specific real-time polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) to detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the DPYD gene and to assign variant DPYDc.1905+1G>A (previously *2A, rs3918290), c.1679T>G (previously *13, rs55886062), c.2846A>T (rs67376798), c.1236G>A (in HapB3 with c.1129-5923C>G, rs56038477), and c.557A>G (rs115232898) alleles. Reference denotes detection of the wild-type sequence at the assessed positions. No other variants in this gene are detected by this assay.


References

Amstutz U, Henricks LM, Offer SM, et al. Clinical Pharmacogenetis Implementation Consortium (CPIC) Guideline for Dihydropyrimidine Dehydorgenase Genotype and Fluoropyrimidine Dosing: 2017 Update. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2018 Feb;103(2):210-216. Epub 2017 Nov 20.29152729
Caudle KE, Thorn DF, Klein TS, et al. Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium guidelines for dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase genotype and fluoropyrimidine dosing. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2013 Dec;94(6):640-645.23988873
Morel A, Boisdon CM, Fey L, et al. Clinical relevance of different dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase gene single nucleotide polymorphisms on 5-fluorouracil tolerance. Mol Cancer Ther. 2006 Nov;5(11):2895-2904.17121937
US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Table of Pharmacogenetic Associations. FDA website: https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/precision-medicine/table-pharmacogenetic-associations. Updated October 26, 2022. Accessed May 2023.

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