Synonyms
- IAA
- Insulin Antibodies
Expected Turnaround Time
7 - 12 days
Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary.
Related Information
Related Documents
Specimen Requirements
Specimen
Serum, frozen
Volume
0.5 mL
Minimum Volume
0.2 mL (Note: This volume does not allow for repeat testing.)
Container
Red-top tube or gel-barrier tube
Collection
Transfer the serum into a LabCorp PP transpak frozen purple tube tube with screw cap (LabCorp N° 49482). Freeze immediately and maintain frozen until tested. To avoid delays in turnaround time when requesting multiple tests on frozen samples, please submit separate frozen specimens for each test requested.
Storage Instructions
Freeze
Stability Requirements
Temperature | Period |
|---|---|
Room temperature | 2 days |
Refrigerated | 3 days |
Frozen | 2 years |
Freeze/thaw cycles | Stable x6 |
Patient Preparation
No radioactive isotopes should be administered 24 hours prior to venipuncture.
Causes for Rejection
Radioactive isotopes administered 24 hours prior to venipuncture
Test Details
Methodology
Insulin-I125 binding capacity
Additional Information
Type 1 diabetes, commonly referred to as insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM), is caused by pancreatic beta-cell destruction that leads to an absolute insulin deficiency.1 The clinical onset of diabetes does not occur until 80% to 90% of these cells have been destroyed. Prior to clinical onset, type 1 diabetes is often characterized by circulating autoantibodies against a variety of islet cell antigens, including glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), tyrosine phosphatase (IA2), and insulin.2-5 The autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells is thought to be the primary cause of type 1 diabetes. The presence of these autoantibodies provides early evidence of autoimmune disease activity, and their measurement can be useful in assisting the physician with the prediction, diagnosis, and management of patients with diabetes. Insulin is the only beta-cell specific autoantigen thus far identified.4-6 Antibodies to insulin are found predominantly, though not exclusively, in young children developing type 1 diabetes. In insulin-naive (untreated) patients, the prevalence of antibodies to insulin is almost 100% in very young individuals and almost absent in adult onset of type 1 diabetes. Because the risk of diabetes is increased with the presence of each additional autoantibody marker, the positive predictive value of insulin antibody measurement is increased when measured in conjunction with antibodies to GAD and IA-2.2-4
Footnotes
1. Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care. 1997 Jul; 20(7):1183-1197. 9203460
2. Bonifacio E, Bingley PJ. Islet autoantibodies and their use in predicting insulin-dependent diabetes. Acta Diabetol. 1997 Oct; 34(3):185-193 (review). 9401639
3. Verge CF, Gianani R, Kawasaki E, et al. Prediction of type I diabetes in first-degree relatives using a combination of insulin, GAD, and ICA512bdc/IA-2 autoantibodies. Diabetes. 1996 Jul; 45(7):926-933. 8666144
4. Bingley PJ, Bonifacio E, Williams AJ, Genovese S, Bottazzo GF, Gale EA. Prediction of IDDM in the general population: Strategies based on combinations of autoantibody markers. Diabetes. 1997 Nov; 46(11):1701-1710. 9356015
5. Sepe V, et al. Islet-related autoantigens and the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. In: Leslie RDG, ed. Molecular Pathogenesis of Diabetes Mellitus. 1997; 22:68-89.
6. Greenbaum CJ, Palmer JP, Kuglin B, Kolb H. Insulin autoantibodies measured by radioimmunoassay methodology are more related to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus than those measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: Results of the Fourth International Workshop on the Standardization of Insulin Autoantibody Measurement. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992 May; 74(5):1040-1044. 1569152
LOINC® Map
| Order Code | Order Code Name | Order Loinc | Result Code | Result Code Name | UofM | Result LOINC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 141598 | Insulin Antibodies | 8072-1 | 141600 | Insulin Antibodies | uU/mL | 8072-1 |
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