Synonyms
- Stuart Prower Factor
Special Instructions
If the patient's hematocrit exceeds 55%, the volume of citrate in the collection tube must be adjusted. Refer to Coagulation Collection Procedures for directions.
Expected Turnaround Time
2 - 3 days
Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. In some cases, additional time should be allowed for additional confirmatory or additional reflex tests. Testing schedules may vary.
Related Information
Related Documents
For more information, please view the literature below.
Procedures for Hemostasis and Thrombosis: A Clinical Test Compendium
Specimen Requirements
Specimen
Plasma, frozen
Volume
1 mL
Container
Blue-top (sodium citrate) tube
Collection
Blood should be collected in a blue-top tube containing 3.2% buffered sodium citrate.1 Evacuated collection tubes must be filled to completion to ensure a proper blood-to-anticoagulant ratio.2,3 The sample should be mixed immediately by gentle inversion at least six times to ensure adequate mixing of the anticoagulant with the blood. A discard tube is not required prior to collection of coagulation samples unless the sample is collected using a winged (butterfly) collection system. With a winged blood collection set a discard tube should be drawn first to account for the dead space of the tubing and prevent under-filling of the evacuated tube.4,5 When noncitrate tubes are collected for other tests, collect sterile and nonadditive (red-top) tubes prior to citrate (blue-top) tubes. Any tube containing an alternative anticoagulant should be collected after the blue-top tube. Gel-barrier tubes and serum tubes with clot initiators should also be collected after the citrate tubes.
Please print and use the Volume Guide for Coagulation Testing to ensure proper draw volume.
Storage Instructions
Freeze.
Stability Requirements
Temperature | Period |
|---|---|
Frozen | 28 days |
Freeze/thaw cycles | Stable x3 |
Patient Preparation
Ideally, the patient should not be on anticoagulant therapy. Avoid warfarin (Coumadin®) therapy for two weeks prior to the test and heparin, direct Xa, and thrombin inhibitor therapies for about three days prior to testing.
Causes for Rejection
Severe hemolysis; improper labeling; clotted specimen; specimen diluted with IV fluids; samples thawed in transit; improper sample type; sample out of stability
Test Details
Use
This test is used to evaluate an isolated, prolonged PT, evaluate prolongation of both the aPTT and PT, and to document factor X deficiency.6-8
Limitations
Direct Xa or thrombin inhibitor therapy may cause factitiously low results.
Methodology
Factor X activity is determined using an aPTT-based one-stage clotting time assay. Factor X-depleted plasma is used as the substrate, and the clotting time with the patient plasma is compared to the clotting time of normal pooled plasma.
Additional Information
To evaluate an isolated prolonged PT or to evaluate prolongation of both the APTT and PT and to document factor X deficiency.6-8 Factor X is a 54.8 kilodalton vitamin K-dependent glycoprotein coagulation factor that is produced by the liver.6 Normal factor X's plasma concentration is approximately 10 mg/mL and half-life is about 40 hours.6 Factor X activation occurs by both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Factor X deficiency should be considered when a patient with bleeding history has both extended protime (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). The dilute Russell viper venom (dRVVT) measures the activation of factor X and will be prolonged in patients with deficiency.7,8 Congenital factor X deficiency is rare and is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait.6 This condition affects both males and females.6 A few cases of combined congenital factor II, VII, IX, and X factor deficiencies have been reported.6
Acquired deficiencies occur with significant hepatic dysfunction, with vitamin K antagonist (warfarin) therapy, and in individuals with vitamin K deficiency.6,7 Factor X deficiency may be associated with primary systemic amyloidosis.6,8 Isolated factor X deficiency may also occur in patients with respiratory infections, acute myeloid leukemia, amyloidosis, and with other malignancies.7 Acquired specific factor X inhibitors are rare in patients without congenital deficiency.6,7 Symptoms (homozygotes) include hematoma formation, postsurgical hemorrhage, menorrhagia, hematuria, and umbilical cord hemorrhage.6,7 Factor X plasma activity <30% may result in excessive bleeding following a traumatic event.6 Spontaneous bleeding similar to that observed in severe hemophilia may occur when the activity is <1%.6,7
Footnotes
1. Adcock DM, Kressin DC, Marlar RA. Effect of 3.2% vs 3.8% sodium citrate concentration on routine coagulation testing. Am J Clin Pathol. 1997 Jan; 107(1):105-110. 8980376
2. Reneke J, Etzell J, Leslie S, Ng VL, Gottfried EL. Prolonged prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time due to underfilled specimen tubes with 109 mmol/L (3.2%) citrate anticoagulant. Am J Clin Pathol. 1998 Jun; 109(6):754-757. 9620035
3. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standardization. Collection, Transport, and Processing of Blood Specimens for Coagulation Testing and General Performance of Coagulation Assays; Approved Guideline. 5th ed. Villanova, Pa: NCCLS; 2008. Document H21-A5:28(5).
4. Gottfried EL, Adachi MM. Prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time can be performed on the first tube. Am J Clin Pathol. 1997 Jun; 107(6):681-683. 9169665
5. McGlasson DL, More L, Best HA, Norris WL, Doe RH, Ray H. Drawing specimens for coagulation testing: Is a second tube necessary? Clin Lab Sci. 1999 May-Jun; 12(3):137-139. 10539100
6. Adcock DM, Bethel MA, Macy PA. Coagulation Handbook. Aurora, Colo: Esoterix−Colorado Coagulation; 2006.
7. Roberts HR, Escobar MA. Less common congenital disorders of hemostasis. In: Kitchens CS, Alving BM, Kessler CM, eds. Consultative Hemostasis and Thrombosis. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders Co; 2002: 57-71.
8. Triplett DA. Coagulation abnormalities. In: McClatchey KD, ed. Clinical Laboratory Medicine. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2002:1033-1049.
References
Van Cott EM, Laposata M. Coagulation. In: Jacobs DS, DeMott WR, Oxley DK eds. Laboratory Test Handbook With Key Word Index. Hudson, Ohio: Lexi-Comp; 2001:327-358.
LOINC® Map
| Order Code | Order Code Name | Order Loinc | Result Code | Result Code Name | UofM | Result LOINC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 086306 | Factor X Activity | 3218-5 | 086306 | Factor X Activity | % | 3218-5 |
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